Fly ash is a fine powder produced during coal combustion, consisting of various particles, including cenospheres. While fly ash is a mixture of solid and hollow particles, cenospheres are specifically the hollow, lightweight components separated from fly ash. Cenospheres are characterized by their spherical shape, low density, and high strength, making them suitable for specialized uses like lightweight fillers and composites. In contrast, fly ash is widely used in cement, concrete, and soil stabilization. The key difference lies in the particle structure—cenospheres are hollow and lighter, while fly ash includes solid particles.