Runhuabang Zeolite filter material for constructed wetlands Oblique zeolite river slurry settling with zeolite 3-5 cm

When integrated as a filter material—such as in a 3-5 cm layer within the substrate—oblique zeolite structures maximize surface area exposure, promoting efficient nutrient (e.g., ammonium, phosphate) and heavy metal retention. River slurry containing zeolite can be stratified during CW setup, allowing suspended particles to settle while releasing adsorbed contaminants for microbial degradation. This dual-action mechanism accelerates pollutant removal and reduces clogging risks.

Zeolite’s reusability via regeneration (e.g., through desorption with saline solutions) further underscores its sustainability. By combining natural filtration with engineered zeolite layers, CWs can achieve higher treatment efficacy, making them viable for decentralized wastewater management in urban and rural contexts.